Define

• Hebrew: kana (כָּנַע) — to humble oneself, to submit, to be brought low
• Greek: hypotassō (ὑποτάσσω) — to arrange under, to subordinate, to subject oneself voluntarily

Related words

• hypo (ὑπό) — under
• tassō (τάσσω) — to arrange, to appoint, to order
• hypotage (ὑποταγή) — submission, subjection
• anypotaktos (ἀνυπότακτος) — unruly, not subject, insubordinate
• kana (כָּנַע) — to subdue, humble
• shama (שָׁמַע) — to hear, to obey

Additional Info

• The verb form in Ephesians 5:21 is the reflexive/middle voice — hypotassomenoi (ὑποτασσόμενοι) — meaning the action is voluntary and self-initiated, not imposed
• Ephesians 5:21 applies it mutually: "submitting to one another"
• The same word is used of Jesus submitting to the Father (1 Corinthians 15:28) and of Jesus submitting to his parents (Luke 2:51)

Connections

• Ephesians 5:21 — mutual submission of all believers
• Luke 2:51 — Jesus hypotassō to Mary and Joseph
• Romans 13:1 — submitting to governing authorities
• James 4:7 — submit to God
• 1 Samuel 7:13 — Philistines kana before Israel
• Psalm 18:47 — peoples kana under David
• Hierarchical Relationships Addressed by God or Jesus
• Equality Addressed by God or Jesus

Scripture

Luke-10:17Luke-10#v18Luke-10#v19Luke-10#v20Luke-10#v21Luke-10#v22Luke-10#v23-24 And the seventy-two returned with joy, saying, “Lord, even the demons are subject to us in your name!” ...Nevertheless, do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subject to you, but rejoice that your names are inscribed in heaven.”

Rom-08:7Rom-08#v8Rom-08#v9Rom-08#v10Rom-08#v11Rom-08#v12Rom-08#v13Rom-08#v14Rom-08#v15Rom-08#v16Rom-08#v17Rom-08#v18Rom-08#v19-20 because the mindset of the flesh is enmity toward God, for it is not subjected to the law of God, for it is not able to do so, ... For the creation has been subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of the one who subjected it, in hope

• relates back to when the ground was cursed because of man Genesis 3:17, Genesis 5:29 references the “ground which Yah cursed”. Man did not obey Yah which resulted in the ground being cursed - man was a enmity toward Yah

Rom-10:3 For ignoring the righteousness of God, and seeking to establish their //Israel// own, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God.

Romans 10:8 is a flashback to Deuteronomy 30:11-14 The word is very near to you ... V 15 set before you life and good and death and evil. They did not submit themselves to what Yah had said was life and good, but instead submitted to what was death and evil.

Rom-13:1Rom-13#v2Rom-13#v3Rom-13#v4-5 Let every person be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except by God, and those that exist are put in place by God. ... Therefore it is necessary to be in subjection, not only because of wrath but also because of conscience.

1 Cor-14:32 and the spirits of prophets are subject to prophets. ... V34 let women keep silent .. let them be in order

Isaiah 8:19-20 - to the law and to the testimony, if they do not speak according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.

1 Cor-15:231 Cor-15#v241 Cor-15#v251 Cor-15#v261 Cor-15#v27-28 For “he subjected all things under his feet.” But when it says “all things” are subjected, it is clear that the one who subjected all things to him is not included. ... But whenever all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will be subjected to the one who subjected all things to him, in order

Psalm 8:7; Genesis 1:27 Man was given dominion over the other creations of Yah’s on earth

1 Cor-16:151 Cor-16#v161 Cor-16#v17-18 that you also be subject to such people, and to all those who work together and labor.

Those who have have devoted themselves in service to the kedoshim = holy (set apart) ones Leviticus 19:2 speak to the entire assembly - be holy because I, Yah am holy

Ephes-01:20Ephes-01#v21-22 and he //God// subjected all things under his //Jesus// feet and gave him as head over all things to the church //assembly//,

Ephes-05:21Ephes-05#v22Ephes-05#v23-24 being subject to one another out of reverence for Christ ... But as the church is subject to Christ, thus also wives should be subject to their husbands in everything.

• The context here is about community reproving and order

Phil-03:21 who will transform our humble body to be conformed to his glorious body, in accordance with the power that enables him even to subject all things to himself.

Col-03:18 Wives be subject to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord.

• The context here is about community, teaching and admonishing one another with all wisdom - order

Titus-02:1 to be self-controlled, pure, busy at home, good, being subject to their own husbands, in order that the word of God may not be slandered. ... Slaves must be subject to their own masters in everything, to be well-pleasing, not to talk back,

• The context here is about community, speak things that are fitting for sound instruction

Titus-03:1 Remind them to be subject to the rulers and to the authorities, to obey, to be prepared for every good work,

• Continues in the context of community and order

Heb-02:5Heb-02#v6Heb-02#v7Heb-02#v8-9 For he did not subject to angels the world to come, about which we are speaking. ... you subjected all things under his feet. For in subjecting all things, he left nothing that was not subject to him. But now we do not yet see all things subjected to him,

Heb-12:9Furthermore, we have had our earthly fathers who disciplined us, and we respected them. Will we not much rather subject ourselves to the Father of spirits and live?

• In the context of discipline and repentance

James-04:7 Therefore subject yourselves to God. But resist the devil, and he will flee from you.

• In context of order in regard to quarrels and conflicts.

1 Pet-02:131 Pet-02#v141 Pet-02#v151 Pet-02#v161 Pet-02#v171 Pet-02#v181 Pet-02#v191 Pet-02#v20-21 Subject yourselves to every human authority for the sake of the Lord, whether to a king as having supreme authority, ... Domestic slaves, be subject to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and gentle, but also to those who are unjust.

1 Pet-03:11 Pet-03#v21 Pet-03#v31 Pet-03#v41 Pet-03#v51 Pet-03#v6-7 In the same way, wives, be subject to your own husbands, so that even if some are disobedient to the word, they may be won over without a word by the conduct of their wives, ... 5 For in the same way formerly the holy women also, who hoped in God, used to adorn themselves by being subject to their own husbands,

• 1 Peter 3 is a continuance of thought starting in 1 Peter 2:13 about “silence the ignorance of foolish men by doing good” and “without a word they may be won over”

1 Pet-03:22 who is at the right hand of God, having gone into heaven, with angels and authorities and powers having been subjected to him.

• A continuance of thought starting in 1 Peter 2:13 about “silence the ignorance of foolish men by doing good” and “without a word they may be won over” ... making note that The Messiah suffered for sins —the righteous for the unrighteous—in order to bring you to God. He was put to death in the flesh, but made alive by the Ruach.

1 Pet-05:5 In the same way, younger men, be subject to the elders, and all of you clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.

• In the context of Elders shepherding God’s flock and watching over it, becoming examples to the flock

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