Jew

Define

Jew is a shorten form, kind of like a nick name for a group of people. It can refer to different groups depending on who and when it's being referenced. This word is not used in Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

Judah - Son of Jacob/Israel, Hebrew/Israelites by descent
Sons of Judah
- ancestors of Judah, son of Jacob / Israel
- native born and foreigners who became followers of Yah, the god of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and were a part of the Tribe of Judah and the congregation of Israel.
  - Caleb listed as a representative of the Tribe of Judah: Numbers 13:6

v6

Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh.

- Caleb identified as a Kenizzite: Numbers 32:12

v12

except Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, and Joshua the son of Nun, because they have followed Yahweh completely.'

- Kenizzites inhabited the land of Canaan before the Israelites: Genesis 15:19

v19

the land of the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites,

House of Judah
- Initially describes the members of the tribe of Jacob's son, Judah
- Then after the death of Solomon, referred to the Southern Kingdom, which was made up of ten tribes: Judah, Benjamin, and Levi.
- The terms "Scattered Tribes," "Lost Tribes," or "Lost Sheep" were also used.
- Eventually, the term "House of Israel" diminishes in reference to the northern kingdom as a distinct entity. The term "Jew," derived from "Judah," becomes more prominent.
After the Mid-500s the religion of Judaism expanded what the term "Jew" referred to.
- Religiously:
  - Rabbinic Judaism: Pharisees Matt-03
    - Written Torah
    - Oral Torah (Talmud)
    - After-life existed
    - ALL sons were circumcised
    - Part of the Sanhedrin.
  - Hellenistic Judaism: Sadducees Matt-03
    - Liberal interpretations of Written Law
    - No after-life existed
    - ALL sons were circumcised
    - Part of the Sanhedrin.
  - Mystic Judaism: Essenes
    - Inspired interpretations of Written Law
    - Moved out of Jerusalem
    - Doers of the Torah
    - ALL sons were circumcised.
  - Conversion: An adult who converted to Judaism. Men had to be circumcised.
- Regionally/Nationally:
  - Birth:
    - A child born to a Jewish mother
    - A descendant of the House of Judah
    - A descendant of Jacob/Israel's other son's
  - Location:
    - A resident of Jerusalem
    - Zealots: Followers of Judaism, Political movement against Roman occupiers of Jerusalem
- Not a Jew
  - Non-Israelite Rom-09
    - Not descendant of Jacob/Israel
    - Not a descendant of Abraham referring to the geographical location of Israel - not genealogy
  - Uncircumcised Acts-15
    - Anyone man who was not circumcised - whether they followed YHWH or not
  - Outside Judaism
    - Anyone not apart of the sects mentioned to the left
    - Follower of other gods (Pagan)
    - A descendant of the House of Judah (Jew) BUT NOT a follower of Judaism
By the New Testament writings, from the Jewish Rabbi’s point of view there were two groups:
- Jews = Circumcised, Anyone following Judaism - See Religiously listing above.
- Gentile = Uncircumcised, Anyone outside of Judaism.
  - This group is typically referred to in English as Pagans, Gentiles, Nations, Uncircumcised.
  - Birth - Not following Judaism including:
    - A descendant of the House of Judah
    - A descendant of Jacob/Israel's other son's
    - Not a descendant of Jacob/Israel"
  - Location - A resident of Jerusalem not following Judaism
  - Beliefs:
    - The Way (Christian), Follower of Jesus as Messiah
    - Believer in YHWH
    - "Not under the law"
    - Follower of other gods (Pagan)
From YHWH, Yeshua/Jesus, the Disciples, and Paul’s point of view:
- The Lost Sheep - Rejects Yeshua as Messiah - See Religiously listing above.
- Congregation of Israel - Accepts Jesus as Messiah (typically translated as "church" in English.)
  - Messianic Judaism - Former followers of Judaism who chose to follow YHWH (Torah) and Accepted Jesus (Messiah)
  - The Way - Foreigner or Sojourner, Anyone who chose to follow YHWH (Torah) and Accepted Jesus (Messiah) Ephes-02
  - Hebrew / Israelite - Who chose to follow YHWH (Torah) and Accepted Jesus (Messiah) Acts-06 Rom-09
- Other's
  - Gentile - Nations of people not following Judaism, Nations of people not following Yeshua
  - Pagans - Follower of other gods
  - Lost - Those who have not heard the Gospel of the Kingdom, Have not accepted Yeshua, The lawless (no Torah)

Hebrew, Israelite, Jew

The intention is to trace the words Hebrew, Israelite, and Jew. There are other sons not included on the diagram. Ishmael, the son of Abraham and Esau the son of Jacob/Israel had descendants who were not enslaved nor rescued from Egypt.